Cost Minimization of Geographic Routing in Manet

Mobile Ad hoc networks are recent wireless networking model for cellular phone hosts. Ad hoc networks do not rely on any stable infrastructure because they are independent. In geographic routing, nodes need to maintain up-to-date positions of their immediate neighbors for making effective forwarding decisions. Beacon packets are broadcasted periodically with the geographic location coordinates of the to maintain neighbor positions. We contend and demonstrate that periodic beaconing regardless of the node mobility and traffic patterns in the network is not attractive from both update cost and routing performance points of view. We propose the APU strategy for geographic routing, which dynamically adjusts the frequency of position updates based on the mobility dynamics of the nodes and the forwarding patterns in the network. APU is based on two simple principles (i) nodes whose movements are harder to predict update their positions more frequently (ii) nodes closer to forwarding paths update their positions more frequently. Index Terms --Wireless communication, Algorithm/protocol design and analysis, Routing protocol.